While you can have some color variation (green or red/purple) for brussels sprouts, the main types differ in size and maturity. For a my grow beds, I prefer to grow the shorter ones because I am always trying to maximize my harvests.
Short– grows 2 feet tall and under and typically mature in less than 100 days.
Tall – grows up to 4 feet tall and matures over 100 day.
I recently shared the types of broccoli and cauliflower which are also in the brassica family.